{"id":"W4414115195","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5472926","title":"Tuition Increases and University Behavior: Theory and Evidence on Student Enrollment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Higher Education Research Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Government (linguistics); Higher education; Student engagement; Study abroad; Academic achievement","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005631478,0.0001451266,0.0001889349,0.0002108154,0.00107239,0.0001565367,0.0003343711,0.0001129361,0.0000393371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004707333,0.000140217,0.00005789682,0.0001198223,0.0003344102,0.0001280438,0.0004150743,0.001842454,0.000002861789],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002710051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005895538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002056314,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005798018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965945,0.001438646,0.000141809,0.000302388,0.0005673147,0.0009553016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987901,0.0006224812,0.0001361988,0.0001366601,0.0001746689,0.0001398899],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002253536,0.0004749512,0.0785489,0.00005504192,0.0004385182,0.00001559472,0.01663762,0.000007728773,0.00001462258,0.87585,0.000350532,0.02738119],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0010617,0.0007351773,0.365726,0.001797521,0.0006143093,0.0000238668,0.2013422,0.000001319457,0.0000148981,0.4180326,0.009966691,0.0006837732],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.969128,0.02324973,0.0001789612,0.004436178,0.0002577539,0.0005678695,0.00001198446,0.00003238792,0.002137115],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8425035,0.1501916,0.0000144547,0.00005173586,0.0001670231,0.00001163339,0.000001242283,0.000003825393,0.007054917],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4578173,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02393746904331668,"score_gpt":0.3927285199094544,"score_spread":0.3687910508661377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}