{"id":"W4414116172","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5440694","title":"Harmful Hallucinations: Generative AI and Elections","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Transparency (behavior); Democracy; Generative grammar; Emerging technologies; Generative model","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001465794,0.0002087215,0.0002236121,0.0003786184,0.0007573505,0.0004282871,0.0007602777,0.00008726434,0.00001612355],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002009686,0.0001939121,0.0001138309,0.0009882997,0.00008175182,0.0006217362,0.0002856896,0.001798661,0.0000249315],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001140993,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002863222,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006497999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001377691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971078,0.0002324002,0.0003632601,0.0004756352,0.0002783699,0.001542557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988546,0.0001400135,0.0001134152,0.0004093604,0.0003806924,0.0001019497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004743695,0.0001180433,0.0005674515,0.000004290894,0.0001220962,0.000002045783,0.0002642408,0.000354934,0.0002373611,0.8315961,0.0006815132,0.1660472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005427379,0.0001953533,0.001886669,0.00001470002,0.00002514915,0.0005076206,0.0001148391,0.03626879,0.0001987378,0.9502317,0.009779902,0.0002338112],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.006977695,0.003424363,0.9682961,0.01891844,0.0006380561,0.0001835164,0.00000110658,0.0001461559,0.001414533],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9442437,0.002658985,0.0411169,0.002159773,0.0004714454,0.00004503772,0.000003805086,0.00002141118,0.009278988],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9372659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7907507,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.010343254361717,"score_gpt":0.2783891722926423,"score_spread":0.2680459179309253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}