{"id":"W4414145552","doi":"10.5195/pom.2025.238","title":"Why We Should Not Characterize Aging as a Disease","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Medicine","topic":"Aging and Gerontology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Disease; MEDLINE; Healthy aging; Population ageing; Risk assessment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004369253,0.0001581015,0.0003866918,0.0003068188,0.00007575053,0.00000347535,0.0003302214,0.00008891755,0.002575646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002692823,0.0001269428,0.00007210444,0.000263679,0.0006119342,0.00003839223,0.00007482996,0.0003412828,0.0001655111],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000194612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005161961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000248055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003632882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985395,0.0001574592,0.0003132965,0.0003568105,0.0003134353,0.0003195147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988152,0.0002909457,0.0000848592,0.000540697,0.00008407139,0.0001842552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0034663,0.0008159703,0.01848012,0.0009481541,0.0008347486,0.0006963061,0.007621641,6.281796e-7,0.002942245,0.5967605,0.313594,0.05383943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01524165,0.001433817,0.2127948,0.003925621,0.0007001534,0.0000645783,0.001712354,0.0001243023,0.0006869329,0.3672226,0.3952836,0.0008095797],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03107858,0.00328832,0.0003006225,0.7428537,0.001031846,0.0002353779,0.00001461294,0.00008803636,0.2211089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9678754,0.00005293579,0.0000215081,0.02321807,0.0006684371,0.00004243432,0.00001949833,0.00001384149,0.008087904],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9367968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9983361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1263197529873865,"score_gpt":0.4202460882207578,"score_spread":0.2939263352333714,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}