{"id":"W4414155473","doi":"10.22230/ijepl.2025v21n2a1471","title":"School Privatization and Socioeconomic Segregation: An International Comparison of Effects on Student Global Competence Using PISA 2018","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Socioeconomic status; Inequality; Global education; Multilevel model; Developing country; Social competence; Developed country; Student achievement","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001399896,0.000347347,0.0006314378,0.002298354,0.0006830517,0.001911143,0.0004923785,0.0003894228,0.005649147],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005160057,0.0002770321,0.001165054,0.005233824,0.0008647298,0.001074665,0.003839579,0.001111221,0.0007485275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008488492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009453821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04763326,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03263993,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985853,0.0004352113,0.0001298376,0.0002284474,0.0002747698,0.0003464079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957979,0.0008372884,0.001988751,0.000375011,0.0005117106,0.0004892451],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001414125,0.00008708082,0.9920562,0.00006237467,0.0002597,0.00008822839,0.0007359932,0.0004402606,0.00004903437,0.0006029995,0.001666186,0.00381063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005064074,0.00003955686,0.9973801,0.00002911554,0.00005168598,0.00002205548,0.001207401,0.0002737966,0.00004462971,0.00006887558,0.0008725163,0.000005234111],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899009,0.0003016679,0.0002910948,0.000283057,0.0000168933,0.00001966173,0.005225138,0.0000189589,0.003942667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930171,0.0001611914,0.000120328,0.00002720446,0.00001082299,0.00003911375,0.005975309,0.000009621707,0.000639517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04763326,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09471202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1034951976268525,"score_gpt":0.463828284625503,"score_spread":0.3603330869986505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}