{"id":"W4414160566","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf264","title":"AI-based satellite survey offers independent assessment of migratory wildebeest numbers in the Serengeti","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PNAS Nexus","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Army Research Office","keywords":"Wildebeest; Wildlife; Transect; Herbivore; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Population; Aerial survey","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001007568,0.0000963739,0.000124567,0.00004374105,0.00006496525,0.00001317067,0.0002795412,0.00008716929,0.000193879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000565886,0.00007745884,0.00003604815,0.0003869677,0.0001473539,0.00008651722,0.00005044529,0.0001960347,0.00003198842],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001365327,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008418236,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003034394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02601388,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987645,0.0004349898,0.0002224238,0.0002004223,0.0002096835,0.0001680329],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992973,0.0003425623,0.00007116529,0.0002552857,0.0000096891,0.0000239478],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001885666,0.0001251754,0.9946564,0.000007307207,0.00000832044,0.000003374718,0.0001550301,0.001099609,0.0001058963,0.000249551,0.002926489,0.0006440149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003326749,0.00003162977,0.9959273,0.00001263205,0.000008965244,3.053217e-7,0.0001173545,0.0009549689,0.0001438023,0.0003704047,0.002029157,0.00007080234],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.98578,0.00003120274,0.0001781471,0.002096372,0.0001828003,0.0002201459,0.00000609161,0.00001115783,0.01149408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940615,0.000007732073,0.00007849127,0.00554193,0.000006208846,0.00003006129,0.00002056093,0.000003995537,0.0002495298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02297948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9917588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01263737453905731,"score_gpt":0.280490486168713,"score_spread":0.2678531116296556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}