{"id":"W4414183803","doi":"10.1039/d5cy00736d","title":"Microwave-assisted synthesis of a sulfonated carbon-based catalyst for efficient esterification of oleic acid into biodiesel","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Science & Technology","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels","keywords":"Biodiesel; Catalysis; Oleic acid; Biodiesel production; Active carbon; Reaction conditions; Carbon fibers","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003454988,0.0001394699,0.0003093118,0.001862445,0.0001475906,0.00001285288,0.0006289382,0.0001447509,0.000001861675],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003815506,0.000139892,0.00008293741,0.005961576,0.001475613,0.000037791,0.00006048196,0.00008479255,0.00000247783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001518732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001742932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004965061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003528292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987831,0.000008112632,0.0004411511,0.0003921587,0.0001406656,0.0002348492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985493,0.00005634255,0.0001373972,0.0008094076,0.0004144977,0.00003305062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000061752,0.0000767668,0.0002558411,0.0001429546,0.0000321921,6.091471e-8,0.00007316855,0.001809598,0.9812734,0.001004594,0.00002890482,0.01529635],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001339094,0.00001271056,0.0003897925,0.00003491851,0.00008702414,0.000001002346,0.0003143193,0.0327852,0.9656201,0.0001402499,0.0003731214,0.0001076694],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9442255,0.0006611139,0.05251471,0.001214975,0.0001453869,0.0004790639,0.00004179552,0.0003566035,0.0003608655],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948595,0.00001260776,0.004727155,0.00000850458,0.00000359826,0.00033782,0.00002757103,0.000008781166,0.00001441652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05063406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5704631,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008725409515447471,"score_gpt":0.2374609221320761,"score_spread":0.2287355126166286,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}