{"id":"W4414192636","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72161","title":"Herbivory Dominates the Spring Diet of American Black Bears (<scp><i>Ursus americanus</i></scp>) in a Wood Bison (<scp><i>Bison bison athabascae</i></scp>) Neonatal Range, Suggesting Minimal Bison Consumption","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Evolution","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of Alberta; University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Environment and Parks","keywords":"Bison bison; Predation; Ungulate; Threatened species; Foraging; Herbivore; Ursus; Grazing; Vegetation (pathology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008647894,0.0001541145,0.0001185571,0.0003543994,0.0004824814,0.0002693523,0.0001464587,0.00007880338,0.0008338308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001355537,0.00009677503,0.00007330648,0.0002401137,0.0002039296,0.0001217371,0.0001602749,0.000117128,0.00008584391],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000531702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002957941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1169319,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4897023,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999547,0.000004692442,0.000001947404,0.00001231912,0.00001354761,0.00001279036],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998918,0.00000604008,0.00003890866,0.000003615954,0.00001502267,0.00004468283],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006421257,0.00002225814,0.9912951,0.000005247371,0.00002166799,0.00007330159,0.0004005799,0.00002940376,0.005596844,0.00002163271,0.0001390347,0.002330588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.342368e-7,0.00001514437,0.999458,0.000001037189,0.000003282235,0.00003996781,0.0002755628,0.00003418116,0.00007341054,0.000002962185,0.0000954694,6.09144e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997734,0.00002082573,0.00001280479,0.000005263611,3.666547e-7,7.976666e-7,0.0000446836,0.000001233694,0.000140671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994335,0.00003657279,0.00009234964,0.00001127962,0.000001237714,0.000001653714,0.0001345601,0.000001239879,0.0002876135],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1169319,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2325025,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00722763635467802,"score_gpt":0.2224475689225956,"score_spread":0.2152199325679176,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}