{"id":"W4414214247","doi":"10.3389/fsci.2025.1527393","title":"Safeguarding the polar regions from dangerous geoengineering: a critical assessment of proposed concepts and future prospects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Science","topic":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Fondo para la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; European Commission; Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires; Norges Forskningsråd; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; UK Research and Innovation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Global warming; Safeguarding; Habitability; Anthropocene; Polar; Climate change; Scrutiny","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04273527,0.001926777,0.0009569095,0.004589002,0.005012854,0.01908096,0.003939164,0.01430765,0.00644209],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03206526,0.0006116955,0.00128929,0.002153372,0.02347805,0.02231968,0.006572025,0.01136323,0.00140824],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008207232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02538153,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004032945,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00406431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9842634,0.007478199,0.0009650514,0.00103184,0.004884075,0.001377449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9676642,0.01712285,0.002115729,0.001150079,0.01022621,0.001720888],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001156945,0.0001582374,0.001401359,0.003555404,0.00004070467,0.0007152844,0.005337828,0.006125239,0.001915275,0.7889567,0.03310246,0.1585758],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003019522,0.0002807198,0.001377519,0.01036973,0.00008491622,0.0005788224,0.02217503,0.003676538,0.001772002,0.5024753,0.4569804,0.00019892],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01708683,0.2174587,0.06526121,0.5808513,0.01029561,0.000767457,0.0002165324,0.0002636567,0.1077987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.407001,0.3345372,0.1441285,0.08608752,0.007855615,0.001648521,0.0003324516,0.0001927698,0.01821654],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04273527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2260084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007329842370423537,"score_gpt":0.277913320456332,"score_spread":0.2705834780859084,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}