{"id":"W4414247237","doi":"10.3390/mining5030058","title":"Underground Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage in Salt Caverns in Southern Ontario, Canada: Layout and Working Pressure Design","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mining","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; University of Waterloo","funders":"Mitacs","keywords":"Multiphysics; Creep; Work (physics); Modular design; Energy storage; Renewable energy; Piping; Hydroelectricity; Hydropower","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001706921,0.0001539744,0.0002454167,0.000293271,0.0000527546,0.00004390695,0.0001206701,0.00009659428,0.00002646713],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002432704,0.0001594355,0.00002336415,0.00044978,0.00001011254,0.00004297634,0.00003257381,0.0002538821,4.12129e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005404719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002643025,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9411488,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9961205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990558,0.00005738813,0.000218126,0.0002084101,0.0001289901,0.0003312583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996306,0.0001408616,0.00002370876,0.0001482387,0.000006867358,0.00004971279],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008014332,0.000007811087,0.02103253,0.00003078334,0.00008795235,0.00008251383,0.003538403,0.9725731,0.00007978322,0.000005038819,0.000279519,0.002274538],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007306757,0.00001373213,0.01640896,0.0003333615,0.00007895296,0.000004090849,0.001582567,0.970624,0.0003331889,0.00007545487,0.009420828,0.0003941399],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9807476,0.002635009,0.01307725,0.00007403913,0.0001212841,0.00006211554,0.000001326853,0.00006169434,0.003219692],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945808,0.00002099594,0.0001633007,0.00004883827,0.00002320877,0.00001228378,0.000003874598,0.00001968249,0.005127029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05497171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6501591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008181019836764744,"score_gpt":0.1807706796623685,"score_spread":0.1725896598256037,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}