{"id":"W4414272182","doi":"10.1109/ichms65439.2025.11154380","title":"Causal Modeling for Student Major Selection Decisions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Structural equation modeling; Causal model; Confirmatory factor analysis; Probabilistic logic; Selection (genetic algorithm); Latent variable; Key (lock); Causal analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01182103,0.0009835286,0.001066914,0.003353155,0.001348035,0.0020683,0.00202363,0.002184176,0.01785098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04208424,0.0008895133,0.001532165,0.002147616,0.001592612,0.003592058,0.001395509,0.002496828,0.001136093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00245217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002857769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01494219,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01468182,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994553,0.003409867,0.0002077556,0.0007384689,0.0006258733,0.0004650645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9481314,0.04555723,0.003255359,0.0009553366,0.001432422,0.0006682465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003267471,0.0005154612,0.05718573,0.0002647654,0.0003026902,0.0006888304,0.001557996,0.2858067,0.0003595065,0.6033377,0.003758787,0.04589511],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001191572,0.0001081162,0.006754823,0.00008501733,0.0001264016,0.0002405524,0.0003770825,0.6950982,0.0001615578,0.2924123,0.004458313,0.00005838482],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1364617,0.0007991435,0.8373736,0.006701083,0.0001519659,0.0005897524,0.001520882,0.000406579,0.01599544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9317423,0.0009161528,0.05766909,0.0003046281,0.0001383237,0.0007205653,0.000838308,0.00005802148,0.007612624],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01785098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06251633,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03760404905708595,"score_gpt":0.3296925073506645,"score_spread":0.2920884582935785,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}