{"id":"W4414272694","doi":"10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00270-4","title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"The Lancet Neurology","topic":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":299,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; Nova Scotia Health Authority; Ottawa Hospital; University of Toronto; Dalhousie University; University of Ottawa; St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Chugai Pharmaceutical; Novartis Pharma; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Pfizer Foundation; EMD Serono; National Institutes of Health; MedDay Pharmaceuticals; National Health and Medical Research Council; Neuraxpharm; Ipsen; University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Shionogi; Janssen Pharmaceuticals; Sanofi Genzyme; Novo Nordisk; Samsung; Eisai; University of Toronto; Ministero della Salute; IXICO; BMA Foundation for Medical Research; Dalhousie University; Fondazione Cariplo; ZonMw; University of Sydney; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Multiple Sclerosis International Federation; Public Health Agency; Multiple Sclerosis Australia; Idorsia Pharmaceuticals; H. Lundbeck A/S; Rosetrees Trust; Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale; Bayer HealthCare; University College London; Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft; Multiple Sclerosis Society; Fondation pour l'Aide à la Recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques; Prothena; Argenx; Fondation Charcot; Celltrion; CVS Health; Mylan; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada; Race to Erase MS; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Arthritis Society; Medical Research Council; Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Hope Foundation; Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; Myelin Repair Foundation; Amgen; Public Health Agency of Canada; Genentech; AstraZeneca; European Commission; American Academy of Neurology; Fondation Brain Canada; European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis; University of Pennsylvania; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Crohn's and Colitis Canada; BioCryst; Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla; Celgene; Moderna; Pfizer; Biogen; Allergan; F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Sanofi; TG Therapeutics; Eli Lilly and Company; Regione Toscana; Petre Foundation; U.S. Department of Defense; Horizon Therapeutics; Amicus Therapeutics; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation; National Multiple Sclerosis Society; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; GlaxoSmithKline; National Research Foundation; National Institute for Health and Care Research; CSL Behring; Royal Australasian College of Physicians; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Multiple sclerosis; McDonald criteria; Clinically isolated syndrome; Clinical Practice; Disease","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01634615,0.002425642,0.008348516,0.01315599,0.0005442128,0.003055576,0.003401899,0.002697949,0.00460543],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02355431,0.000981667,0.006417026,0.007298686,0.001747657,0.002824573,0.002305183,0.003479054,0.001122042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003721645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009285399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01198517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02442571,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9916959,0.002324788,0.00323857,0.0005526392,0.001977542,0.0002104399],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.984332,0.009379311,0.002631752,0.000271006,0.003074568,0.0003113545],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008225562,0.00006029442,0.0009006317,0.2732357,0.004989651,0.0001955619,0.0001674043,0.0003495207,0.000427987,0.003932247,0.09017708,0.6247414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001480818,0.0003904502,0.007791418,0.3408965,0.02282773,0.001892082,0.0002876314,0.0003283228,0.000292721,0.005275983,0.6183596,0.0001766317],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004784785,0.9975414,0.00009546715,0.001087857,0.0009103846,0.00002849423,0.000108228,0.000006293943,0.0001739708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001059009,0.9948726,0.0009400198,0.001850519,0.0008021379,0.00006769331,0.000237879,0.000005698796,0.0001643538],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01634615,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08644772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2208449807783524,"score_gpt":0.4121568754277373,"score_spread":0.1913118946493848,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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