{"id":"W4414309965","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5473586","title":"The Value of Biodiversity: Evidence from Migratory Birds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic and Environmental Valuation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Biodiversity; Agriculture; Ecosystem services; Revenue; Habitat; Externality; PEST analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001400904,0.0001853045,0.0002219059,0.001435639,0.0004591074,0.001213819,0.0004053168,0.0006024942,0.003930843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01415183,0.0001373271,0.0001805738,0.00177438,0.001336089,0.001538488,0.0007084652,0.0005615464,0.000372621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002932076,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001099172,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005726428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008905557,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995304,0.00023952,0.00002214738,0.00007143879,0.00009359803,0.00004282207],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9732481,0.01801649,0.005418351,0.001115482,0.001334901,0.0008666744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001368555,0.0002294473,0.9253941,0.0002703086,0.0004760184,0.0005173874,0.002072841,0.001237567,0.000747133,0.006597178,0.00196297,0.05912645],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003000292,0.0001525435,0.9874135,0.0001199927,0.0001045853,0.0003798917,0.002246256,0.000499961,0.0002994479,0.005193789,0.003547388,0.0000127167],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872705,0.001914242,0.0002717754,0.0004956561,0.000008537999,0.000003217516,0.000357098,0.00000170238,0.009677339],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983665,0.0007715863,0.0001028617,0.00003519513,0.00001516745,0.000001813074,0.0002734782,0.000002390664,0.0004310703],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005726428,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01314998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05426304649588048,"score_gpt":0.2189432562030559,"score_spread":0.1646802097071754,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}