{"id":"W4414320439","doi":"10.2196/70738","title":"Fusion of X-Ray Images and Clinical Data for a Multimodal Deep Learning Prediction Model of Osteoporosis: Algorithm Development and Validation Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Medical Informatics","topic":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","field":"Dentistry","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Generalizability theory; Deep learning; Fusion; Data modeling; Sensor fusion; Selection (genetic algorithm); Big data; Pattern recognition (psychology)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001270523,0.0001025748,0.0002725114,0.0001510314,0.00009588207,0.0000318005,0.000192191,0.0001136496,0.000005623958],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003635127,0.00008960206,0.00003756657,0.0001434007,0.0001459612,0.0004668648,0.0003516116,0.0002075718,5.078414e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001104749,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007151403,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007440682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004568487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998174,0.00005003346,0.001087491,0.0001350412,0.0004341216,0.0001193135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990908,0.0002207518,0.0002894073,0.0002145836,0.00009793878,0.00008652176],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009530129,0.0006611766,0.1333644,0.0008156532,0.0002129333,0.000001362011,0.006663008,0.0001408537,0.00005641127,0.00001535641,0.0003673072,0.8576062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002393031,0.0001596202,0.07028477,0.0002237066,0.0001049873,0.000004013983,0.01082926,0.9154986,0.0002667762,0.00003070923,0.0001275813,0.00007695803],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8045552,0.00007293197,0.1945225,0.00001087597,0.0001385675,0.0005285799,0.00006180891,0.00002435325,0.00008525565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9255069,0.00009144444,0.07403796,0.00003213334,0.00002131169,0.00003497555,0.0002295896,0.000006158379,0.00003948228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9153577,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3653866,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02834487585192268,"score_gpt":0.3512179243049225,"score_spread":0.3228730484529999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}