{"id":"W4414325750","doi":"10.1002/smll.202507332","title":"DFT‐Assisted Approach to Low‐Temperature Graphene Growth on Sapphire","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small","topic":"Graphene research and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","keywords":"Graphene; Nucleation; Adsorption; Substrate (aquarium); Density functional theory; Carbon fibers; Facet (psychology); Dielectric","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002268446,0.0001424573,0.0001559217,0.0001999056,0.0002327668,0.0001328794,0.0004642993,0.00008387121,0.0000519401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007695508,0.0001171545,0.00007560221,0.0009592646,0.00006796225,0.00004093511,0.0001002294,0.0001554865,0.0002790622],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000032246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000863657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000625916,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002972037,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987444,0.00006442626,0.0001594115,0.0004381763,0.0002140511,0.0003795212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991739,0.0000499224,0.00002469199,0.0004520229,0.0001195445,0.0001798913],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004898143,0.0002938244,0.0001902881,0.00006909286,0.00001142804,0.00000182131,0.00006217055,0.00002734184,0.8652722,0.1167505,0.01662744,0.0006448395],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008465747,0.0001741534,0.05963069,0.0001635935,0.0000246344,0.000004785403,0.0002181051,0.0000583123,0.9123861,0.01637621,0.0096449,0.0004719062],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.954334,0.00007416242,0.001023569,0.002259731,0.0001266457,0.000514851,0.00004633269,0.0001486646,0.0414721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930737,0.00001144438,0.003510019,0.001050856,0.00006391232,0.0002792682,0.00002970846,0.00001229902,0.001968805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1003743,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4777421,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01956610999441203,"score_gpt":0.2659268472978084,"score_spread":0.2463607373033963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}