{"id":"W4414334848","doi":"10.1002/adma.202505959","title":"Light‐Activated Micromotors in Air Propelled by Thermal Convection","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced Materials","topic":"Micro and Nano Robotics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Concordia University; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Canada; CMC Microsystems","keywords":"Thermal; Propulsion; Convection; Field (mathematics); Marangoni effect; Nanoparticle; Aerodynamics; Colloid","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009297326,0.0001296645,0.0002162817,0.00005502528,0.00004837845,0.0000162028,0.00008532371,0.00004083681,0.0004231735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004526086,0.0001139526,0.00002750112,0.0001395819,0.000012593,0.0001137952,0.00003360555,0.00005379905,0.00004591803],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003982956,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003864451,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001021209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001763578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992735,0.00005169099,0.0002397498,0.000189855,0.00004884096,0.0001963685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997066,0.000016713,0.00007881635,0.0001380751,0.00003832795,0.00002142881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000777968,0.00008461747,0.0005236977,0.00001610059,0.00002038639,5.326947e-7,0.00004915202,0.00007314335,0.9969501,0.0006625343,0.0005897104,0.0009522439],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008930548,0.00001903087,0.000391636,0.00004971476,0.00000814244,1.028265e-7,0.00004193312,0.000002464518,0.9896277,0.0005806036,0.008268308,0.0001172781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9946967,0.00003862748,0.000570964,0.0001300227,0.0005142215,0.0003522175,0.0000264615,0.00003491794,0.003635904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975261,0.000003944488,0.000231209,0.0000599329,0.00004987137,0.00003769782,0.00004109571,0.00001324871,0.002036887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007678598,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4646852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002464454754801245,"score_gpt":0.2185095513191927,"score_spread":0.2160450965643914,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}