{"id":"W4414361680","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116984","title":"Representing the Teleconnection Between the Jet Stream and Extreme Cold Air Outbreaks Over North America","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"EIT Climate-KIC; RES’EAU-WaterNET; European Commission; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Vetenskapsrådet; Natural Environment Research Council","keywords":"Jet stream; Teleconnection; Jet (fluid); Atmospheric circulation; Extreme weather; STREAMS; Extreme value theory; Climate model","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001981821,0.0001354862,0.0001135155,0.0006713044,0.0001849663,0.0005319516,0.0001454296,0.0001542563,0.0006177939],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001035297,0.00008558709,0.0001484473,0.0007368111,0.0001803178,0.0003434637,0.0002780188,0.0001864135,0.00003718745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000350468,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002801351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03313567,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0665859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999944,0.00001713285,0.000003696979,0.00001503746,0.000008433465,0.00001169506],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996004,0.000203082,0.00009919035,0.00002356604,0.00004310915,0.00003079818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004602075,0.000112586,0.748784,0.0000536495,0.0002277562,0.0003468923,0.0005422967,0.1750175,0.01677587,0.000896816,0.001121554,0.05566077],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001830817,0.00003531196,0.7374057,0.000008893056,0.00003480338,0.00004287353,0.000453235,0.259842,0.001078399,0.0005647584,0.0005028889,0.00001280541],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980035,0.00002876644,0.001400377,0.00003747513,0.00000347121,0.000003418134,0.000189178,0.00003115116,0.0003027129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983749,0.00002173263,0.001306331,0.000005187496,0.000004512342,0.00000365756,0.0002087398,0.000003889451,0.00007093073],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03313567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0658856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04014775599240811,"score_gpt":0.3015987694629612,"score_spread":0.2614510134705531,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}