{"id":"W4414384795","doi":"10.22215/cujs.v5i2.5384","title":"Examining the Outgroup Empathy Gap: When Does Perceived Similarity Matter?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Carleton undergraduate journal of science.","topic":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Outgroup; Similarity (geometry); Prosocial behavior; Empathy; Ingroups and outgroups; Interpersonal communication; Social identity theory; Perception","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.003932823,0.0001679074,0.0003300355,0.0003622487,0.001952759,0.0004349266,0.001696021,0.0001217378,0.0003119039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007338352,0.00009858154,0.0001945628,0.001062732,0.004661961,0.0007735336,0.0001493544,0.0005180137,0.00003005419],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003930626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008243651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006571413,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004469363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971563,0.0004244983,0.0005718486,0.0003051664,0.0009426279,0.0005995979],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981007,0.0003624768,0.0004208393,0.0002759192,0.0006298109,0.0002102309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002620912,0.0005557337,0.2458666,0.00005452744,0.0003757518,0.0001287276,0.340545,0.00004429969,0.0473042,0.1254422,0.1794996,0.05992138],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001223711,0.0003219364,0.3792403,0.000281782,0.0001576678,0.00003697426,0.2544714,0.00004547845,0.0006227539,0.2908567,0.07225104,0.0004902647],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7999712,0.0002168355,0.0007034707,0.07451444,0.006018082,0.0001681398,0.000002051607,0.00002747523,0.1183783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9889913,0.0002490114,0.0002396843,0.004612869,0.0005261658,0.000003349037,2.284559e-7,0.000007783082,0.005369583],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1890201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993466,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04269633928583642,"score_gpt":0.3362769975946074,"score_spread":0.293580658308771,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}