{"id":"W4414392713","doi":"10.1002/ajhb.70149","title":"Toward New Directions in Human Biology: A Roadmap for Anthropological Causal Inference With Observational Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Human Biology","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington; University of Washington; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Causal inference; Inference; Observational study; Key (lock); Causal model; Identification (biology); Situated","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000339659,0.0001639147,0.0003936635,0.0001005456,0.0001729627,0.00001551415,0.0005580707,0.0001485728,0.00002365439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002159776,0.0001277601,0.00009018598,0.0001710167,0.001137627,0.000007804641,0.0001751997,0.0002049414,4.222647e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003028713,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004005858,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002763823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005937519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986939,0.0001518385,0.0004478221,0.0003766649,0.0000513398,0.0002784521],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989558,0.00008253974,0.0003326963,0.0003657661,0.0001806396,0.00008251978],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000467905,0.0004246465,0.5319142,0.00001945035,0.0006297416,0.000007350295,0.0004049071,0.0000787691,0.4241785,0.01304329,0.01297819,0.01585314],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01092304,0.04158839,0.5283496,0.0002108696,0.0004219497,0.0002197728,0.006394999,0.0001951667,0.02806493,0.03536681,0.3464798,0.00178462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9761978,0.0009758341,0.02043472,0.001713436,0.0002063494,0.0001517255,0.00006593311,0.00000689505,0.0002473077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922462,0.000463451,0.005680199,0.0006246184,0.0003883674,0.00000830423,0.0003490607,0.00001027722,0.0002295692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3961135,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5209905,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08357827382279003,"score_gpt":0.3987277253501845,"score_spread":0.3151494515273944,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}