{"id":"W4414397119","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2025.105438","title":"Predictive model for bubble size distribution in a vertical pipe","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Multiphase Flow","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Mitacs; General Electric","keywords":"Bubble; Sauter mean diameter; Coalescence (physics); Breakup; Turbulence; Computation; Flow (mathematics); Population; Multiphase flow","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000479941,0.0007281853,0.000913076,0.0006265306,0.0005591103,0.0009416915,0.002116263,0.002305894,0.002021609],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001715421,0.0006917413,0.0006853323,0.0005465468,0.001364065,0.00091912,0.0008059711,0.001190178,0.000255701],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001178176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001008979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.027243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008430223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998312,0.00003702047,0.000006003994,0.00004561819,0.00004035978,0.00003972743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992224,0.0004332097,0.0000985247,0.00004344156,0.0001460874,0.00005638831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002066385,0.00001609994,0.0002717213,0.00001421981,0.000005287975,0.00004087596,0.00001159862,0.9959026,0.0008490764,0.001974253,0.0001400625,0.0007535371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002221976,0.000002384578,0.0000475451,5.990847e-7,8.856499e-7,0.000001422915,0.000001009126,0.9996939,0.00005894898,0.0001777218,0.00001215367,0.000001280628],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4206391,0.0008655519,0.555872,0.001222812,0.0002362231,0.0001565001,0.0008214912,0.001266249,0.01892014],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991129,0.0001437105,0.0044122,0.00005928683,0.00003629482,0.00006275425,0.0001367831,0.0000411346,0.003978868],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.027243,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05416882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006254738801486084,"score_gpt":0.2575604168571798,"score_spread":0.2513056780556938,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}