{"id":"W4414402382","doi":"10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102514","title":"The tangled history of social network analysis and gang research—A long way from Street Corner Society","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Criminal Justice","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"U.S. Air Force","keywords":"Scholarship; Social network analysis; Field (mathematics); Territoriality; Social network (sociolinguistics); Poison control; Asset (computer security)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002946014,0.00009607134,0.0003447662,0.00008711719,0.0008417665,0.0000725226,0.0003821389,0.0001094388,0.00005281308],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008101682,0.00007415321,0.0003029738,0.000565788,0.001039687,0.0002187206,0.00007397369,0.000491988,5.67668e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006123644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007609898,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006043746,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01401494,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977089,0.0005032255,0.0004140754,0.0001378015,0.0008881528,0.0003478244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960896,0.002517464,0.0005228947,0.0001231734,0.000660601,0.00008621054],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001311422,0.0003276117,0.01787729,0.0003619193,0.003361829,0.00008262776,0.2494797,0.0002873815,0.0008450374,0.04992866,0.6354895,0.04064709],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001105931,0.0002016554,0.2452654,0.0002590552,0.0163855,0.000002319357,0.4201254,0.0004652548,0.0001592236,0.004991467,0.3107002,0.000338594],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9646539,0.01419596,0.001881354,0.001730967,0.001506661,0.0001065422,0.00001740264,0.000009034365,0.01589818],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909452,0.00199895,0.0002866537,0.0002019445,0.00143561,0.000001296757,8.788494e-7,0.000006317024,0.005123138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3247892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9136376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05203009277867256,"score_gpt":0.3559212108825549,"score_spread":0.3038911181038824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}