{"id":"W4414407978","doi":"10.1515/bis-2025-0003","title":"Free Groceries for All: A Realistic Path Towards Universal Basic Income","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Basic Income Studies","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The King's University; Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Basic income; Purchasing; Public policy; Path (computing); Public assistance; Free market; Poverty","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001742783,0.0003402022,0.0007101774,0.0002263761,0.001628896,0.0001043505,0.0008031623,0.0001885064,0.00006179902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004459257,0.0003064956,0.000249136,0.0006722666,0.001041049,0.0003799105,0.000544346,0.0002199694,0.00001456305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007302696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000694074,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007872868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01368701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972467,0.0003512965,0.0005421776,0.0005222734,0.0005567973,0.0007807016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976708,0.0008542502,0.0001909213,0.0005602218,0.0005942365,0.000129551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001852391,0.0001197561,0.01595723,0.0005865797,0.0004356073,0.00001535007,0.02519808,0.000003254327,0.000008786561,0.9074963,0.04716715,0.002826679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003056212,0.0004178867,0.08548173,0.0005194423,0.0004368322,0.000001290533,0.05997099,0.00005681439,0.00009129111,0.3268891,0.5220389,0.001039484],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4350446,0.009277035,0.004240657,0.04886448,0.01538045,0.00469299,0.002221007,0.001814378,0.4784644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852113,0.001234987,0.0008434927,0.002212016,0.0007118096,0.000171314,0.000022927,0.00002858513,0.009563638],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5806072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0502592361709425,"score_gpt":0.351875954917642,"score_spread":0.3016167187466995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}