{"id":"W4414420255","doi":"10.20944/preprints202509.1654.v1","title":"Adaptive Critic Control of Frequency and Voltage in Islanded Microgrids Considering Energy Storage Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Preprints.org","topic":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Microgrid; Renewable energy; Automatic frequency control; Frequency regulation; Controller (irrigation); Voltage; Energy storage; Control (management); Control theory (sociology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003728802,0.000416008,0.0008671691,0.0003782259,0.00003430929,0.00003062837,0.0002855777,0.0004112218,0.00005257388],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001012939,0.0004805206,0.0001205667,0.0001503017,0.00008394343,0.00009370762,0.0003322969,0.0005755802,0.000007027328],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001750465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001100276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001249956,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001468193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979678,0.0001281704,0.0007964154,0.0005920243,0.000161032,0.0003546018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988276,0.0001709332,0.0001590855,0.0006050686,0.0001523085,0.00008496716],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008334351,0.00009628476,0.09271488,0.002380919,0.0005976979,0.00006693754,0.001102833,0.8453512,0.05453515,0.002037805,0.00003036628,0.001002588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004555232,0.00004645504,0.03622277,0.003298432,0.0003744566,0.00002838494,0.0004521027,0.9315277,0.01874815,0.002474007,0.0008040054,0.001468341],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7237946,0.05356756,0.2056652,0.00008423883,0.003088114,0.00233423,0.0007309347,0.0007958923,0.009939193],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974462,0.001783149,0.0002445364,0.00002471768,0.00008283601,0.0002217214,0.00003336144,0.00004008534,0.0001234314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2736515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02892386046064805,"score_gpt":0.2486050868057595,"score_spread":0.2196812263451114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}