{"id":"W4414437851","doi":"10.22323/1.501.0281","title":"Unfolding the Atmospheric Muon Flux with IceCube: Investigating Stopping Muons and High-Energy Prompt Contributions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Marsden Fund; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Polar Programs; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Chiba University; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University; RWTH Aachen University; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Villum Fonden; National Research Foundation of Korea; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Michigan State University; National Research Foundation; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; European Commission; Western Canada Research Grid; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Nvidia; Marquette University","keywords":"Muon; Pion; Hadron; Muon collider; Flux (metallurgy); High energy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004405985,0.0004193718,0.0003637964,0.0008479002,0.0003751665,0.00064763,0.0004244304,0.0002610641,0.001250076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008820342,0.0002144761,0.0004128678,0.001457389,0.0003232885,0.0005402329,0.0005524026,0.0006859508,0.0002668799],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004707874,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003287713,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004532085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00781204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998375,0.00002981058,0.000003459168,0.00004590555,0.00004767353,0.00003562573],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996328,0.000134219,0.00005816282,0.00005776812,0.00006952905,0.00004759273],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004300336,0.0008129409,0.4343511,0.0006184714,0.0009663657,0.002595493,0.002019208,0.1799275,0.1878194,0.01414696,0.01791453,0.1545276],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001054675,0.0003708288,0.5644306,0.00009432242,0.0001679535,0.001018078,0.0006856578,0.3335951,0.06816296,0.007645634,0.02359268,0.0001308109],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9613175,0.0006642718,0.01608008,0.000185604,0.00007100055,0.00005822922,0.008198533,0.001061923,0.01236276],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9567143,0.0004673749,0.02840868,0.00009529425,0.00006760036,0.00007249596,0.01253209,0.000488325,0.001153745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004532085,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009011447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004146149719931334,"score_gpt":0.2027204244738716,"score_spread":0.1985742747539402,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}