{"id":"W4414445798","doi":"10.5539/elt.v18n10p47","title":"Communication Strategies in Second Language Acquisition: A Review of Learner, Cultural, and Technological Influences and Their Implications for L2 Pedagogy and Interdisciplinary Research","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Intercultural communication; Second-language acquisition; Selection (genetic algorithm); Second language; Literacy; Task (project management); Language acquisition; Language education; Focus (optics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002102529,0.0009201199,0.001938809,0.004651228,0.0004496569,0.002157435,0.0008863998,0.001175263,0.003011266],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005680219,0.0004161339,0.001049879,0.004753789,0.00083838,0.002143341,0.001099442,0.001195931,0.0005560308],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001238351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004899225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004671329,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00895143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991135,0.0002666053,0.0002374264,0.0001262335,0.0002149562,0.00004133253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9940397,0.004899142,0.0004257029,0.00005146063,0.0004947266,0.00008943578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006759058,0.00005886243,0.0006411654,0.179261,0.0004125616,0.0001386247,0.0007505905,0.0001815116,0.0003033111,0.002066733,0.005396794,0.8107213],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004254601,0.0003130349,0.01201016,0.2998081,0.003166215,0.001887652,0.001977371,0.0001490999,0.0005261781,0.002603699,0.6774415,0.00007446499],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000136504,0.9994813,0.00002863138,0.0001024918,0.00003227859,0.000004085058,0.00000986426,0.000001257248,0.0002037036],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001076303,0.9986628,0.00007887056,0.0000774433,0.00002857698,0.000008298218,0.00001242034,6.858315e-7,0.00005458111],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004671329,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01111937,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08741109060889549,"score_gpt":0.4460889026789743,"score_spread":0.3586778120700789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}