{"id":"W4414452503","doi":"10.5539/ies.v18n5p57","title":"Investigation of Middle School Students' Attitudes Towards Mathematics and Their Mathematical Competence","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Education Studies","topic":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competence (human resources); Significant difference; Academic achievement; Variables; Middle level","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006801652,0.0002556035,0.0004806412,0.0003630437,0.0001259779,0.00008972966,0.0004662939,0.00008263765,0.0003130937],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003976485,0.000207864,0.00009036338,0.0002637864,0.0003092119,0.0001728068,0.0002569614,0.0001543966,0.00003995022],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001454286,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004621029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002012553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003051857,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998161,0.00006266285,0.0008747018,0.0002907836,0.0004465333,0.0001643225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996264,0.001082534,0.0004146503,0.0003921582,0.001751351,0.00009526245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002120666,0.001325625,0.03670347,0.004177641,0.001024071,2.274651e-7,0.02578543,0.000001951961,0.001424018,0.9097554,0.01665772,0.00312325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004617883,0.00002560777,0.00937503,0.00170461,0.0001061029,0.00001699147,0.01832343,0.00008722011,0.002305526,0.9636999,0.003636148,0.0002576433],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740193,0.001271994,0.009599449,0.003443473,0.001583193,0.0004787412,0.00002020729,0.0000853471,0.009498334],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8355092,0.0006583958,0.1457055,0.0008120687,0.0001982878,0.0003310295,0.0000310104,0.0000364175,0.01671812],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1385101,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8476446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.255605533706977,"score_gpt":0.4809713845274316,"score_spread":0.2253658508204546,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}