{"id":"W4414461667","doi":"10.1115/fedsm2025-158419","title":"Impact of Liquid Density on Taylor Bubble Dynamics in Airlift Pump: A Flow Visualization Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Airlift; Slug flow; Bubble; Flow (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Air bubble; Mass flow rate; Airflow","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001404936,0.00011525,0.0001831608,0.0002353797,0.00001918304,0.00001446423,0.00007918601,0.00005539092,0.0000182999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003075543,0.0001070598,0.00005418746,0.0003823721,0.000006930384,0.00005726619,0.00003285414,0.00008233075,0.000004522447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003752582,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002179755,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006143136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004151536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999391,0.00001794049,0.0002233715,0.0001267622,0.0000892161,0.0001517341],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999706,0.00003193595,0.00001468253,0.0001811299,0.00004019554,0.00002606068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001138692,0.0005281721,0.08307587,0.00008331077,0.0001333685,0.000008731534,0.0004767105,0.892565,0.003593279,0.01768495,0.0001207018,0.001616003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004305144,0.0002702268,0.03443171,0.00002936206,0.000009513809,2.684889e-7,0.0001467684,0.9639567,0.0005742111,0.00005568048,0.000003328482,0.0000916842],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9431292,0.00001212158,0.05208793,0.00000637991,0.0001410768,0.0002380852,0.000006283411,0.00009802162,0.00428086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995935,0.000007625977,0.0002061897,0.00001295128,0.000007701823,0.000007185684,0.00001651983,0.00001587692,0.0001324808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07139171,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4365772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005360916513568824,"score_gpt":0.2616607379803284,"score_spread":0.2562998214667595,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}