{"id":"W4414486922","doi":"10.3390/polym17192575","title":"A Low-Viscosity, Recyclable Polymer-Based Binder Strategy for Metal FDM: Toward High Powder Loading, Sustainable Processing, and Comprehensive Characterization of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Parts","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Polymers","topic":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Thomas University; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Raw material; Zinc stearate; Metal injection molding; Sintering; Extrusion; Flexural strength; Ultimate tensile strength; Stearic acid; Relative density; Characterization (materials science)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008901307,0.0002764643,0.0003788984,0.0003331025,0.0001523324,0.00008546865,0.0001813882,0.0001632529,0.00003658142],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002740267,0.0002801644,0.00006871518,0.0002773707,0.0001703777,0.0001986638,0.00009730615,0.0001586033,7.776047e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006941581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009935442,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000993307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003739478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987496,0.00002572934,0.0002986829,0.0003149028,0.0001300238,0.0004811144],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994042,0.00007813395,0.0001212381,0.0002146212,0.0001296169,0.00005221809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001033199,0.0008354719,0.003741668,0.02583935,0.0021445,0.00007000075,0.002426181,0.01481024,0.6254832,0.02752826,0.004730612,0.2913574],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007863716,0.00008948384,0.002510103,0.0001978489,0.00008571339,0.000001091492,0.001327095,0.003487599,0.9891348,0.000515372,0.001554194,0.0003103307],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.972966,0.00104542,0.02343757,0.0002991818,0.000140909,0.0005345133,0.00008843574,0.0005750026,0.0009129879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973329,0.00003175575,0.0002504178,0.00006946061,0.00002168531,0.00008824911,0.00009825672,0.00003906775,0.002068206],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3636516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999651,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01737638548851634,"score_gpt":0.2442566603849337,"score_spread":0.2268802748964173,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}