{"id":"W4414500333","doi":"10.1109/icscsa66339.2025.11170836","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Object Detection Using Deep Learning","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Object detection; Deep learning; Object (grammar); Object-class detection; Process (computing); Camouflage; Viola–Jones object detection framework; Pattern recognition (psychology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00122447,0.001303551,0.001131921,0.003243675,0.000332237,0.001161338,0.001740531,0.001209084,0.002909347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002272934,0.0005247726,0.001006813,0.003543196,0.0003626801,0.002087397,0.0008204139,0.000836735,0.001809536],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008558607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001110012,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003339133,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002607425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999365,0.00008758879,0.0000945155,0.0001524297,0.0002536577,0.00004680276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988542,0.0004463976,0.00008605775,0.00006449049,0.0005131018,0.00003573193],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000581186,0.00005877817,0.001184218,0.003861691,0.0001352712,0.00007716355,0.00003354757,0.003663316,0.001578656,0.002536494,0.01530833,0.9715045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003415419,0.0004865118,0.008306782,0.006423285,0.0008899604,0.002048328,0.0002681032,0.1006503,0.0231083,0.01777957,0.8397619,0.0002428807],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.005196024,0.8391914,0.1417058,0.001574178,0.001399277,0.00009500553,0.0004637636,0.000810502,0.009563961],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.06087832,0.8471159,0.07762382,0.001265641,0.001876541,0.0001288668,0.001738299,0.000185139,0.00918748],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003339133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009732664,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05289407494287027,"score_gpt":0.3188552236390994,"score_spread":0.2659611486962291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}