{"id":"W4414510031","doi":"10.1057/s41304-025-00553-5","title":"The hourglass, pyramid and equality models of youth representation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Political Science","topic":"Youth Education and Societal Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Københavns Universitet; University of Ottawa","keywords":"Representation (politics); Comparative politics; Ideal (ethics); Politics; Pyramid (geometry); Danish; Political philosophy; Multi-level governance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003016492,0.00004417263,0.00006085648,0.00003119403,0.0009673433,0.0001623044,0.0003667596,0.00001593292,0.000003725089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001502841,0.00003275037,0.00002864633,0.0005435119,0.003866331,0.0002050007,0.0001197608,0.00007471635,0.000004661518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008199716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003526485,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001574221,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001054143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985523,0.0003413681,0.0001747986,0.0001788289,0.0003600515,0.0003926516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991888,0.0002439787,0.00004327346,0.0001792513,0.0001509003,0.0001937593],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000127649,0.00001212195,0.001760887,0.000001942174,0.000001216792,7.501254e-8,0.008403881,0.000005911358,0.00002214951,0.9882107,0.00003408882,0.001545789],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003683812,0.00004116664,0.4202238,0.00006354973,0.00003988683,4.722456e-7,0.1977549,0.009684073,0.0002594093,0.3654085,0.005853469,0.0003024467],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4001845,0.0000336509,0.001116217,0.005670686,0.0002878467,0.00009922151,0.000006464781,0.00002911692,0.5925723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971128,0.00002923713,0.0000994533,0.0004107887,0.00003947984,7.438687e-7,6.87694e-7,0.000002276938,0.00230453],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6228022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06933958187651128,"score_gpt":0.3871232363139808,"score_spread":0.3177836544374695,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}