{"id":"W4414519225","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112669","title":"Unsupervised machine learning for the detection and interpretation of key features in drip patterns","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Forensic Science International","topic":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Pattern recognition (psychology); Unsupervised learning; Feature (linguistics); Ranking (information retrieval); Observable; Interpretation (philosophy)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007514991,0.00007570717,0.00008346244,0.000382059,0.0001743573,0.0001811118,0.0008126621,0.00002724785,0.000004626116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007016568,0.00005813533,0.00003456718,0.0006207468,0.0002365433,0.0006349723,0.000213677,0.0001190259,0.000001070829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008518779,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006867029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004151126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00140322,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990094,0.00002612955,0.0002224259,0.0002851736,0.0002932494,0.0001636428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990644,0.0003850462,0.00008354406,0.0001680127,0.0002772447,0.00002177859],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009445938,0.00004193361,0.02491534,0.00002251157,0.00002036013,0.00000155917,0.005305734,0.01056568,0.01813218,0.1272823,0.00002229836,0.8135957],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000122006,0.00005889948,0.03262893,0.00005221001,0.000002583842,0.000003630192,0.0003788228,0.8935331,0.06290768,0.01002991,0.0002277224,0.00005453601],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2257098,0.00009563047,0.7708146,0.001731611,0.0009207624,0.0002112731,0.000002107921,0.00002485421,0.0004893888],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966738,0.00002054331,0.002937039,0.0001688559,0.00002182023,0.00003248655,0.000001550225,0.000002496476,0.0001414309],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8829674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.237069,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0125556151959863,"score_gpt":0.2814147030469197,"score_spread":0.2688590878509334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}