{"id":"W4414528238","doi":"10.24928/2025/0137","title":"Perceptions of Robotic Inspections for Confined Spaces in Lean Construction: a Qualitative Study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction","topic":"BIM and Construction Integration","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Qualitative research; Perception; Qualitative analysis; Perspective (graphical); Process (computing)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01791435,0.0004045717,0.0007481902,0.00139907,0.004604768,0.002894282,0.001289358,0.001640064,0.003151157],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02089613,0.0006354928,0.0003878865,0.000952277,0.0086403,0.003227288,0.003878792,0.002317946,0.0003867549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003657385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00501118,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007140341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00847258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9882582,0.0081055,0.000338912,0.0006555761,0.001202342,0.00143952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9760813,0.01693092,0.001628354,0.0004553053,0.002604273,0.002299841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003565442,0.00007371905,0.004783133,0.0001860153,0.00000346834,0.0004852788,0.9880745,0.00005455468,0.001163697,0.001082197,0.0003368368,0.003720932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003494911,0.00007887136,0.001400993,0.0001345329,0.000002720586,0.0001643979,0.9932354,0.0001162375,0.0002193575,0.0002218187,0.004407953,0.00001420384],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917703,0.0003016306,0.003367222,0.001558953,0.00002978993,0.0001074979,0.00006119764,0.00001703145,0.002786373],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960764,0.0003355739,0.001275051,0.000639899,0.000007889172,0.0001545436,0.00002728122,0.00001619565,0.001467163],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01791435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09474128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02037640510702035,"score_gpt":0.2946347044283448,"score_spread":0.2742582993213244,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}