{"id":"W4414530661","doi":"10.22323/1.501.0837","title":"Improved Gamma-Hadron Separation for PeV Photon Searches with IceCube","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Office of Polar Programs; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University; RWTH Aachen University; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada; Chiba University; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Villum Fonden; National Research Foundation of Korea; Marsden Fund; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; National Science Foundation; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Michigan State University; National Research Foundation; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Vetenskapsrådet; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure; European Commission; Western Canada Research Grid; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS; Polarforskningssekretariatet; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Nvidia; Marquette University","keywords":"Range (aeronautics); Detector; Observatory; Photon; Muon; Hadron; Energy (signal processing); Neutrino","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001496745,0.0008310059,0.001021495,0.0009432341,0.0004802034,0.001516745,0.0008804204,0.0004382795,0.003899828],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001850549,0.0004238971,0.0006127657,0.001480754,0.0002602785,0.001241003,0.001595987,0.0006741548,0.001055077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007774842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001195086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001868528,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005796684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991223,0.0002258203,0.00003360376,0.0002035608,0.0002611617,0.0001535384],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991328,0.0002803366,0.0001143568,0.000178348,0.0002007913,0.00009336309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01155457,0.0008577782,0.103881,0.0007543476,0.001111426,0.001047692,0.0006135634,0.1027688,0.4404293,0.02882516,0.03414131,0.274015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001509378,0.001442515,0.07684599,0.0002392394,0.0004605311,0.00154357,0.0003177308,0.3824835,0.4179688,0.01768328,0.09913334,0.0003722139],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.689699,0.002342878,0.2028827,0.0007408444,0.0002499461,0.0003140204,0.009215708,0.006028123,0.08852679],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7490826,0.0005510686,0.2316024,0.0003358038,0.00009594754,0.0004660151,0.01300188,0.001039124,0.003825247],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003899828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01304626,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009565708667876567,"score_gpt":0.2631749305854095,"score_spread":0.2536092219175329,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}