{"id":"W4414540231","doi":"10.53103/cjlls.v5i5.231","title":"Digital Feedback in a Crisis Period: A Study of Electronic Corrective Feedback on Ghanaian Students' Business Letters During the COVID-19","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Language and Literature Studies","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Corrective feedback; Control (management); Feedback control; Feedback loop; Electronic equipment","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003058056,0.0003626722,0.0004054789,0.001074882,0.005132034,0.003997167,0.0008929503,0.0016874,0.0044036],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02368766,0.0004176841,0.0001785704,0.001308613,0.001974506,0.001727659,0.002218666,0.002450094,0.0007769394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002899264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003765795,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01701041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0353323,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978961,0.0009870204,0.0001039379,0.0001561071,0.0003431321,0.0005137171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9821588,0.008773898,0.003917829,0.0005148637,0.002217672,0.00241691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005905645,0.002146299,0.1165316,0.0001882989,0.00001773518,0.003800484,0.8402381,0.0001043915,0.002700822,0.0006855795,0.001479298,0.03151684],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002780468,0.0007580088,0.1417764,0.0001432433,0.00001577417,0.0004597359,0.849378,0.0001692665,0.0005850772,0.0001447668,0.006517268,0.00002476831],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984385,0.00003257134,0.00004744516,0.0002570665,0.00001059999,0.00001840987,0.00001182377,0.000004904966,0.001178661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983839,0.00006329756,0.00008829126,0.0001485979,0.000007818588,0.00001962128,0.00001340916,0.000007059337,0.001267856],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01701041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03382283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007406090969392649,"score_gpt":0.310267377186428,"score_spread":0.3028612862170353,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}