{"id":"W4414545731","doi":"10.1017/pab.2025.10042","title":"Identifying the Big Questions in paleontology: a community-driven project","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paleobiology","topic":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Volkswagen Foundation","keywords":"Scope (computer science); Biodiversity; Valuation (finance); Field (mathematics); Natural (archaeology); Natural heritage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006656077,0.0001020759,0.0001628991,0.0001216378,0.0003322732,0.00003694705,0.001210591,0.0001265323,0.000005001315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004152541,0.00007398357,0.00004366285,0.0005665282,0.0001838218,0.00004692345,0.000454577,0.000544114,0.00001430695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001793975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001041548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00039357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004828156,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984602,0.0007916212,0.0002101196,0.0002199453,0.00003280492,0.0002853198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986308,0.0005947288,0.00006012276,0.0006462588,0.00005365137,0.00001446321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002020351,0.0003129542,0.6491309,0.0001812396,0.0001068274,0.00006175054,0.01018207,0.0002889219,0.00972509,0.2819246,0.002176672,0.04588875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001126346,0.0001346045,0.706953,0.0002424514,0.00002578968,0.0001662949,0.002662021,0.008383597,0.0009775318,0.1575976,0.121237,0.0004938092],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4433427,0.002684816,0.2222591,0.05475574,0.003143722,0.001303958,0.000008049399,0.0006906364,0.2718113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968893,0.00003375547,0.001437068,0.0006437954,0.00002323405,0.00008596542,0.000004874526,7.431278e-7,0.0008812498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5535466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3016963,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04704805516877426,"score_gpt":0.3080579577472997,"score_spread":0.2610099025785254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}