{"id":"W4414552105","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2546430","title":"Biliteracy for bilingual children with reading impairment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Société et Culture","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Reading (process); Literacy; Reading comprehension; Phonological awareness; First language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004467868,0.0003062273,0.000394551,0.0002981335,0.0006692797,0.0002276727,0.0001585162,0.000240414,0.001336433],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001076346,0.00009774214,0.0002293632,0.0001490694,0.0003129322,0.000228049,0.0005056059,0.0003081832,0.0001789305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004584873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001132079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005498638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02043729,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997991,0.00007925581,0.00001760302,0.00002614461,0.00002625671,0.00005162972],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996619,0.00009176981,0.00008531484,0.00001494502,0.00002476258,0.0001212915],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01628005,0.01760979,0.5732114,0.001389442,0.0001448712,0.007503091,0.01395573,0.0004086766,0.07128695,0.0005434394,0.001460206,0.2962063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007859173,0.02928045,0.9473841,0.0001790314,0.000171198,0.003794271,0.005540548,0.0004250604,0.009345275,0.000470291,0.002596873,0.00002694542],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993576,0.0001211688,0.00004329309,0.00002061139,0.000001899294,0.00001734114,0.00001268452,0.000005399946,0.0004199903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987816,0.0002053154,0.000564018,0.00002350321,0.000003780493,0.00007067079,0.00004999003,0.000002415077,0.000298619],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005498638,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01093328,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009665771417187366,"score_gpt":0.3765119751844572,"score_spread":0.3668462037672698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}