{"id":"W4414587628","doi":"10.5430/wjel.v15n8p358","title":"Use of AI Tools in Navigating Reading Difficulties of Adult EFL Learners","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of English Language","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Test (biology); Reading comprehension; Extensive reading; Comprehension; Foreign language","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009465633,0.0002425444,0.0004078012,0.0003673407,0.0002934058,0.000583005,0.000381453,0.0005130334,0.001238608],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002360062,0.0001092197,0.0002589212,0.0001369003,0.0002882792,0.000551489,0.000452469,0.000411509,0.000261498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000163274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003967539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005858545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001114333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995819,0.00015845,0.00003837798,0.00007211316,0.00009651298,0.00005269324],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988704,0.0004566006,0.0002626605,0.0000509195,0.0001681388,0.0001912646],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001587934,0.02027552,0.3114424,0.002113808,0.00009505503,0.001923128,0.08122138,0.0004442933,0.07163898,0.0004989689,0.001158836,0.5075998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002847344,0.058905,0.8235768,0.0007787921,0.0003004499,0.003533289,0.06105099,0.001633195,0.03346375,0.0007729235,0.01560309,0.00009708622],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990319,0.0002052096,0.0001424128,0.00004622929,0.000002407959,0.00003136687,0.00001041921,0.000006601084,0.0005234889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959669,0.0003790319,0.002419369,0.00006970616,0.000005535325,0.00006336361,0.00002927944,0.000002061387,0.001064687],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001238608,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005005956,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0127456052200817,"score_gpt":0.2903668141957579,"score_spread":0.2776212089756762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}