{"id":"W4414599655","doi":"10.1007/s11600-025-01692-5","title":"Supervised and unsupervised machine learning for reservoir characterization in heterogeneous geological settings: a case study from the eastern Sirte Basin, Libya","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Geophysica","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"King Saud University","keywords":"Workflow; Wireline; Reservoir modeling; Artificial neural network; Cluster analysis; Predictive modelling; Facies; Regression; Unsupervised learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001643224,0.0002105025,0.0003164242,0.0001032242,0.0001973438,0.0001152342,0.0001888578,0.00007960696,0.00001613624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008156434,0.0001582983,0.00008306221,0.0004076507,0.00003276841,0.0001581478,0.0001051354,0.0002500078,0.000005216058],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002669577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000013901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006846625,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006745859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988291,0.0001820467,0.0003041177,0.0003188778,0.0001239433,0.0002419251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999281,0.000289475,0.00003725225,0.0002946405,0.00004334275,0.00005427922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008923512,0.002132932,0.6232361,0.0005517288,0.002823098,0.001880014,0.04975455,0.1635194,0.125747,0.00004876967,0.0004064914,0.02900766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001244561,0.0001059712,0.01128012,0.00003409728,0.00009579339,0.000007801198,0.001661659,0.9834266,0.0003276288,0.00006547527,0.001552523,0.000197768],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996897,0.00008170072,0.0006259414,0.001537061,0.0000602306,0.0005828344,0.00003523609,0.0001446197,0.00003537365],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989474,0.00005360241,0.00003608723,0.0003530817,0.00007902412,0.0001508226,0.0002364903,0.00002711787,0.000116322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8199072,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6455216,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01254140251211737,"score_gpt":0.2283960774016904,"score_spread":0.215854674889573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}