{"id":"W4414612817","doi":"10.5194/bg-22-5103-2025","title":"From small-scale variability to mesoscale stability in surface ocean pH: implications for air–sea CO <sub>2</sub> equilibration","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biogeosciences","topic":"Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Sorbonne Université; Universiteit Utrecht","keywords":"Seawater; Abiotic component; Mesoscale meteorology; Carbonate; Optode; Sea surface temperature; Ocean acidification; Surface water","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005519449,0.0003464493,0.0002954863,0.0003201768,0.0004511171,0.001079437,0.0003552108,0.0004120725,0.002464071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001051028,0.0002735197,0.0003100064,0.0005139449,0.0007102831,0.001049292,0.0006699013,0.0005461426,0.0002625951],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009227542,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005020997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02034805,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01408092,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998498,0.00002103979,0.00001218104,0.00007238229,0.00002099235,0.0000236197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995053,0.0001291193,0.0001536992,0.00005513473,0.0001042654,0.00005246932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005186669,0.00008260874,0.8266204,0.0002285541,0.0004313992,0.0005236806,0.0003225901,0.007316032,0.1347059,0.002068389,0.002006906,0.02517479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007580349,0.00002698456,0.9861832,0.00001036494,0.00002838994,0.00003248205,0.0001752818,0.008223017,0.003549018,0.0007933318,0.0009563341,0.00001409555],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9880466,0.001009214,0.003233938,0.001282594,0.00008414271,0.00002304187,0.001357781,0.00009714257,0.004865583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991789,0.0001111023,0.000237677,0.00007177356,0.00001372763,0.000007266272,0.0002167614,0.00001552088,0.000147239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02034805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04045922,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02203655288052447,"score_gpt":0.2570737666873679,"score_spread":0.2350372138068434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}