{"id":"W4414639553","doi":"10.1007/978-981-96-7933-1_2","title":"Cities in a Changing World","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Advances in 21st century human settlements","topic":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Urban agglomeration; Population; China; Megacity; World population; Scale (ratio)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001317847,0.0006542728,0.0006023699,0.002312463,0.01126699,0.01639644,0.001212667,0.00289278,0.02772073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003074651,0.0004260626,0.0005885605,0.004673915,0.01239174,0.01564257,0.01110783,0.004661975,0.004643197],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0142217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006721298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06537614,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1059193,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981868,0.000555853,0.00005605405,0.0003715808,0.0003947599,0.0004348907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982634,0.0001919811,0.0001404197,0.0001647117,0.0004840025,0.000755497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002527836,0.00002921393,0.003563081,0.0001869854,0.00003871945,0.0002909421,0.01356078,0.0008948623,0.0002121974,0.7287437,0.2058231,0.04663113],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005257491,0.00001062014,0.001724,0.0001167673,0.000007812158,0.0001074416,0.01038132,0.0001796617,0.0000406211,0.05887475,0.92853,0.00002165729],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07001328,0.04227702,0.01264709,0.3454604,0.008618156,0.00009592515,0.002684106,0.0007384245,0.5174656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7654131,0.04762631,0.01141602,0.05877319,0.002803278,0.0002235196,0.002001607,0.0005667206,0.1111761],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06537614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1299912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02155818068419275,"score_gpt":0.243669090119489,"score_spread":0.2221109094352962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}