{"id":"W4414675835","doi":"10.61466/ijcmr3050003","title":"Automatic diabetic-retinopathy detection with fundus images using optimal hybrid image features","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Clinical Medical Research","topic":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Western Hospital; University Health Network","funders":"","keywords":"Local binary patterns; Pyramid (geometry); Histogram; Pattern recognition (psychology); Feature (linguistics); Deep learning; Feature extraction; Process (computing)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003845569,0.000463277,0.0004634062,0.001987386,0.0001958625,0.0006288239,0.0004267732,0.0004875101,0.0008620199],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008350473,0.0002245131,0.0005888074,0.0007215305,0.0001574095,0.0004897278,0.0004425105,0.0003622496,0.0004095875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004091454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004110381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002956397,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003658478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997628,0.00003073757,0.00001173352,0.00007496421,0.00006721057,0.00005254079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997514,0.00003915194,0.00005015423,0.00003296622,0.0001040349,0.00002232206],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001032515,0.0004079282,0.02392467,0.00026116,0.000234475,0.000496464,0.000112087,0.04080231,0.1639688,0.001195794,0.006219378,0.7613444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000029433,0.0001971108,0.02795208,0.00005195712,0.0001117291,0.0007482635,0.00007432818,0.9132241,0.05428832,0.001262717,0.002025531,0.00003448363],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4576626,0.001992964,0.5313833,0.0004638767,0.00008063767,0.0001512352,0.001246288,0.003235902,0.003783234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8510997,0.0005811679,0.145634,0.0001241419,0.00005348839,0.00005057942,0.0008972354,0.00005245237,0.001507293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002956397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005878389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07525286402415299,"score_gpt":0.5313528781514868,"score_spread":0.4561000141273338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}