{"id":"W4414711840","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104419","title":"Multi-period binding freight contract using swing options","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review","topic":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Swing; Procurement; Purchasing; Hedge; Spot contract; Valuation (finance)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002951306,0.000676671,0.0006367418,0.0006349924,0.0004487322,0.001767974,0.001254719,0.0009674582,0.005398296],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00487291,0.0002907124,0.001009672,0.0009851139,0.0008839142,0.002972939,0.001375838,0.00130642,0.0003183921],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008224805,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000845749,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001684944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000899978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983001,0.0007758883,0.00007361809,0.000168719,0.0004979984,0.0001835377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982161,0.001040975,0.0002358678,0.0002126668,0.0001675929,0.0001268376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003257973,0.0001541849,0.00134528,0.0001192616,0.00005944004,0.0003475348,0.0001884506,0.7465023,0.006344823,0.1727661,0.001176589,0.07067024],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001859253,0.0001201067,0.0002788219,0.00001087735,0.00001247322,0.00009074217,0.00002508538,0.9764403,0.0008599235,0.02055506,0.001568432,0.00001961675],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.117355,0.0003599309,0.8688881,0.0001922333,0.00006557946,0.000130801,0.00008314804,0.0002083676,0.0127169],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9472151,0.0001812488,0.04841474,0.00003044993,0.00001763837,0.00006426014,0.000075301,0.00004433135,0.003956914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005398296,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01805913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1236697041730968,"score_gpt":0.3807541344801688,"score_spread":0.257084430307072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}