{"id":"W4414711840","doi":"10.1016/j.tre.2025.104419","title":"Multi-period binding freight contract using swing options","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review","topic":"Maritime Ports and Logistics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Swing; Procurement; Purchasing; Hedge; Spot contract; Valuation (finance)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008340435,0.0002622691,0.0004663086,0.0002760622,0.0003700606,0.00008710693,0.0001456912,0.0001425943,0.0003889071],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006941953,0.0002607802,0.0001120657,0.0007181597,0.0002129906,0.000168754,0.000002048172,0.0004887648,0.00001153102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005362478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001021652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001946799,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008018306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978102,0.0000769965,0.0008828764,0.0003625413,0.000386344,0.0004809895],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989738,0.0001752308,0.00007394678,0.0002510257,0.0003513264,0.0001746815],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001475851,0.001289388,0.1612753,0.09511919,0.001798919,0.001488309,0.002391612,0.1582212,0.008006888,0.4896819,0.01467157,0.0659081],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004381685,0.0001886551,0.4142796,0.0201147,0.002176361,0.00001207947,0.0005379224,0.1740938,0.0007810144,0.002390426,0.3785351,0.002508739],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.06188023,0.1593437,0.7644447,0.001191428,0.001365343,0.004364938,0.002584474,0.0009035371,0.00392163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8758231,0.1132233,0.00896653,0.0001730057,0.00005702878,0.0001501045,0.001280943,0.00004676831,0.0002791588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8139429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999844,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1236697041730968,"score_gpt":0.3807541344801688,"score_spread":0.257084430307072,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}