{"id":"W4414756680","doi":"10.1007/s00415-025-13414-4","title":"Brain age as an accurate biomarker of preclinical cognitive decline: evidence from a 12-year longitudinal study","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Neurology","topic":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Red River College","funders":"","keywords":"Longitudinal study; Biomarker; Cognition; Neurology; Cognitive decline; Dementia; Neuroradiology; Neuropsychology; Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance; Cognitive aging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01355095,0.00119796,0.00161881,0.001447006,0.0011832,0.002308884,0.001273074,0.002304481,0.0008841273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02242821,0.0008157697,0.001415081,0.001847195,0.001226625,0.002321278,0.001182168,0.002041509,0.000379424],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007241478,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001280337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01770503,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01995176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977598,0.001054745,0.0002396315,0.0004482113,0.0002994091,0.0001981124],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9812527,0.006307867,0.004557045,0.002582619,0.004214474,0.001085167],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005874595,0.0004230818,0.9826287,0.0001267123,0.001739264,0.0001036219,0.0003793343,0.0001456856,0.0003300797,0.00008407513,0.0003539405,0.007810888],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001713979,0.001797209,0.9938975,0.0001096366,0.001721643,0.0002141622,0.0002256058,0.0003816445,0.000221502,0.0002318551,0.0009972523,0.00003060232],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9872579,0.01046029,0.0003322111,0.0002943795,0.00009461075,0.00003602641,0.0006327337,0.000009041283,0.0008827628],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9935248,0.003883183,0.0005008977,0.0002314636,0.0001082945,0.0000463322,0.001168727,0.000008440586,0.0005278648],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01770503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07166517,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1252243518288507,"score_gpt":0.4726532347292874,"score_spread":0.3474288829004367,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}