{"id":"W4414814497","doi":"10.22214/ijraset.2025.74423","title":"Evaluating Multi-Agent AI Systems for Automated Bug Detection and Code Refactoring","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Code refactoring; Dataflow; Pipeline (software); Scalability; Code (set theory); Debugging; False positive paradox; Software; Abstraction","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005699096,0.0001016634,0.0001337655,0.003089128,0.0003216588,0.0006124497,0.00121346,0.0001002091,1.36757e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003550753,0.00009973881,0.00001684128,0.001462443,0.0001708818,0.0002797549,0.0005189348,0.0005488252,5.649976e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006334466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002503511,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001064569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003468319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980284,0.00001354542,0.0002702992,0.0004012843,0.000728499,0.0005579449],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980762,0.0007245133,0.00003668106,0.0001896987,0.0008808702,0.00009204066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007537867,0.00007505052,0.001686861,0.0002600256,0.00008296729,0.00002398384,0.000274732,0.08451758,0.6283061,0.1064747,0.0001420856,0.1780805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006782955,0.00008283737,0.001212324,0.000133245,0.000001111036,0.00006215291,0.00005642786,0.9856246,0.008040549,0.001832608,0.002187447,0.00008838347],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1509373,0.0003373925,0.8450291,0.001443742,0.001269404,0.0005892021,0.000003386785,0.0003810894,0.00000937434],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9539807,0.00007594068,0.04551726,0.00001076205,0.00004842099,0.0003357718,3.152408e-7,0.000008940648,0.00002185405],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9011071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5905867,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1092967595237065,"score_gpt":0.4670050707181387,"score_spread":0.3577083111944322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}