{"id":"W4414843801","doi":"10.1017/pan.2025.10018","title":"Survey Professionalism: New Evidence from Web Browsing Data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Analysis","topic":"Survey Methodology and Nonresponse","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"European Research Council; University of Cambridge; Charles Koch Foundation; John S. and James L. Knight Foundation; Craig Newmark Philanthropies; New York University; York University","keywords":"Web survey; Quality (philosophy); Demographics; Survey data collection; Selection (genetic algorithm); Survey research; Resource (disambiguation); Data quality","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1757271,0.0003602411,0.0008737143,0.005152772,0.002281904,0.007243221,0.00348728,0.002592773,0.0128602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5593306,0.0009493252,0.0008995896,0.009877373,0.006106188,0.007920747,0.006224521,0.003431795,0.001932519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002247864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003464202,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0121917,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01111178,"domain_scores_codex":[0.6966582,0.2252052,0.0158067,0.0175627,0.04090432,0.003862935],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.09902799,0.7606494,0.06799319,0.04198216,0.02719621,0.003151125],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001131276,0.0004068384,0.8801553,0.00182768,0.0006313428,0.0002466536,0.03251989,0.0002742118,0.0002526774,0.006453982,0.009004953,0.06709525],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000314605,0.0005200247,0.870587,0.005830361,0.000809223,0.0009036321,0.04218043,0.004552594,0.001535083,0.01528031,0.05736356,0.00012316],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8661204,0.00801637,0.02519844,0.02532197,0.0002937304,0.0005311489,0.005212329,0.0001166448,0.06918902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885011,0.001358689,0.003099564,0.003484363,0.000270869,0.0002905238,0.001346728,0.0000989227,0.001549265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8242729,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9293449,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6685309904221518,"score_gpt":0.5838093600588632,"score_spread":0.08472163036328861,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}