{"id":"W4414849058","doi":"10.1038/s41591-025-03983-2","title":"Generative artificial intelligence in medicine","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Nature Medicine","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"National Medical Research Council; Agency for Science, Technology and Research","keywords":"Generative grammar; Reinforcement learning; Training set; Transformer; Supervised learning; Generative model","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001193618,0.0009820093,0.001614941,0.002417148,0.0003132922,0.001904779,0.0008127863,0.002014014,0.007443108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002643299,0.0003812514,0.0005496261,0.002369324,0.001831081,0.002063826,0.001313995,0.00261788,0.00199806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00132841,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002527032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001852484,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003199106,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996062,0.0001747788,0.00004113634,0.0000479,0.000106919,0.0000231835],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987924,0.0009670407,0.00006941688,0.00004146135,0.00008871124,0.00004091208],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000430547,0.00005672738,0.0001378872,0.02093334,0.000128775,0.0001075893,0.0001197433,0.001104115,0.0003151493,0.0417497,0.04225567,0.8930482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003265812,0.00004438007,0.0004237725,0.01127986,0.0001332777,0.00048555,0.00005783286,0.0003165588,0.0001320143,0.02889279,0.9581791,0.00002223684],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00004528062,0.9967977,0.0002833274,0.0006811248,0.0003817007,0.000003599132,0.000008313013,0.000006553684,0.001792481],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001285396,0.9958515,0.0003418486,0.0007754726,0.0007440568,0.000008000055,0.00001870222,0.000003797195,0.0009712636],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9988064,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02489966,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2703443015256705,"score_gpt":0.5546339896578347,"score_spread":0.2842896881321642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}