{"id":"W4414864354","doi":"10.1115/1.4070078","title":"Pressure Drawdown Management Based on Multi-Zone Pressure Decline Behavior in Shale Reservoir by Physical Experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of energy resources technology.","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Petro-Canada","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Drawdown (hydrology); Permeability (electromagnetism); Oil shale; Pore water pressure; Effective stress; Fracture (geology); Shale gas; Tight gas","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003841622,0.0003113657,0.000252965,0.0002786583,0.000290382,0.0002795844,0.0003126626,0.0003261785,0.0007900376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005199939,0.0001474789,0.0002845361,0.0002121255,0.0003543019,0.0004539605,0.0003173433,0.0005061308,0.00007728675],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002359344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001750961,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009854706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001816352,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997781,0.00002322666,0.00001851293,0.00004721122,0.00009417615,0.00003884303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996293,0.00009362478,0.00007048578,0.00004876051,0.0001112586,0.00004657782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004654757,0.0004843515,0.01477457,0.0001336505,0.00003160661,0.0002154448,0.00020422,0.01021961,0.9624836,0.0002070776,0.0001786147,0.01060178],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004311663,0.00359091,0.0672237,0.00001617028,0.00005721736,0.00008725245,0.0003594476,0.07930312,0.8480843,0.000242197,0.0009402492,0.00005229402],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981072,0.00005400217,0.001452431,0.00001473708,0.000006895679,0.0000133002,0.00008720584,0.00003146577,0.0002327566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990492,0.00004057441,0.0006598458,0.000008087155,0.000001966774,0.00001709488,0.00004789861,0.000003661164,0.0001714996],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009854706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00264293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00530834657368988,"score_gpt":0.2461490554432436,"score_spread":0.2408407088695537,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}