{"id":"W4414874416","doi":"10.3390/lubricants13100440","title":"Advances and Challenges in Bio-Based Lubricants for Sustainable Tribological Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Trends, Additives, and Performance Evaluation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Lubricants","topic":"Lubricants and Their Additives","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"European union; Sustainable development; Tribology; Mainstream; Efficient energy use; Material efficiency","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002351842,0.001030392,0.001195333,0.003411256,0.0004643341,0.001996957,0.0006786858,0.001138991,0.001886225],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002345508,0.000491425,0.0008620478,0.003478723,0.0005471822,0.002881059,0.0008912333,0.001083201,0.0006318541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007850589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003186152,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001938565,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003998086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988981,0.0002074682,0.0002276402,0.0001540601,0.0004291327,0.00008346153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982582,0.0009562348,0.000257577,0.00003961597,0.000439314,0.0000491293],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001151246,0.000170493,0.001385905,0.1142222,0.0001801604,0.0004622246,0.0007120508,0.002371924,0.02073093,0.01951028,0.01287473,0.827264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001401809,0.000556745,0.002672645,0.01546239,0.0005180595,0.0008613428,0.000786231,0.001349778,0.01131157,0.005925002,0.9604544,0.00008782017],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001386558,0.9963464,0.0006619649,0.0004480256,0.0001139975,0.00001309062,0.00005384191,0.000009205644,0.0009668926],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.005766816,0.9926886,0.0007547119,0.0002054802,0.0001136898,0.00001663381,0.00006656972,0.000003940626,0.0003834359],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003411256,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01243782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06610987463892162,"score_gpt":0.332768991784957,"score_spread":0.2666591171460354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}