{"id":"W4414875008","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103652","title":"Public good or public bad? Nation-building and Indigenous institutions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia; Oesterreichische Nationalbank; British Academy","keywords":"Indigenous; Public good; Collective action; Leverage (statistics); Politics; Context (archaeology); Nation state; Centralisation","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001204905,0.000131711,0.0002881419,0.0004536424,0.001530911,0.0004297501,0.0002848716,0.00009831331,0.00006811869],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000455526,0.0001166817,0.00005398379,0.0002934582,0.0001622011,0.0009048944,0.0001092936,0.0001577862,0.000008070742],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008066783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006332715,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003013277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003584561,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986684,0.00004234,0.0007003651,0.0001606303,0.0001107209,0.0003175028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989371,0.0001432592,0.0004058955,0.00006624033,0.0002850609,0.0001624077],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003275327,0.0002384834,0.2607993,0.00003887583,0.000976293,0.00001066954,0.04317486,0.00002758009,0.000007403159,0.610532,0.004901484,0.07926023],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004372196,0.00001516145,0.028447,0.00003458576,0.00001451856,0.00001109273,0.007040915,0.00000278927,0.00004089407,0.003083041,0.9606958,0.0001769748],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.885738,0.000965482,0.001233127,0.01413277,0.001643898,0.0002822912,0.000003930604,0.00003589999,0.09596464],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9789345,0.003958468,0.01272982,0.0008108367,0.0002175771,0.0000133438,0.000003543213,0.000007336775,0.003324591],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9557943,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1122986239504613,"score_gpt":0.3139751869908632,"score_spread":0.2016765630404019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}