{"id":"W4414911702","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5575454","title":"ESG and the Cost of Capital: Insights from an AI-Assisted Systematic Literature Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Sustainable Finance and Green Bonds","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Lethbridge","funders":"","keywords":"Systematic review; Corporate governance; Process (computing); Field (mathematics); Key (lock); Value (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.05308777,0.0008296319,0.002866536,0.02201786,0.0003887474,0.003493194,0.001232265,0.001937622,0.002975765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2282158,0.0004327222,0.002429808,0.02737721,0.001383112,0.003250899,0.001375143,0.001089915,0.0002180624],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003498734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01075894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006730266,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01245015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9593186,0.02674468,0.005953502,0.001651498,0.005847177,0.0004845824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4871894,0.4739597,0.02062463,0.005727399,0.01150834,0.0009906444],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001321325,0.0001564918,0.06000382,0.2617527,0.0452114,0.0008614791,0.001560996,0.01656991,0.0005584986,0.0740895,0.01507178,0.5228421],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00104228,0.001151834,0.1184305,0.3124664,0.1094898,0.00181159,0.00462912,0.02642972,0.001770811,0.260915,0.1614977,0.0003653663],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.02671619,0.9357213,0.01475286,0.009583822,0.0003049105,0.0005131389,0.005735194,0.00005498519,0.006617518],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5238837,0.4501686,0.0193379,0.0025144,0.0005343728,0.0008842004,0.002134516,0.00002885533,0.0005134209],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9779822,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2807583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01023756587385757,"score_gpt":0.2362763465557766,"score_spread":0.226038780681919,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}