{"id":"W4414943565","doi":"10.1021/acsami.5c11981","title":"Temperature and Ramp Rate-Controlled Phase Engineering of Copper Oxides in Non-Crystalline Carbon Tubes for Enhanced Alkaline Water Splitting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces","topic":"Copper-based nanomaterials and applications","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Oxygen evolution; Tafel equation; Water splitting; Oxide; Copper; Hydrogen production; Graphene; Electrochemistry; Bifunctional; Electrolysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001074966,0.0003815505,0.001042405,0.0002085544,0.00009087295,0.0002346571,0.0002829567,0.0001856617,0.0001215786],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006783132,0.0002861867,0.00003151702,0.0001375452,0.0000948618,0.0001060364,0.000175168,0.00006889522,0.000005411735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000440456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004023768,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000141472,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002427111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976784,0.00005099978,0.001109781,0.0005723815,0.0001156847,0.0004727817],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990909,0.0002612108,0.0001601537,0.0003361855,0.0001098188,0.00004177691],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001978174,0.0001578699,0.000002364073,0.0004593762,0.00003023403,7.225132e-7,0.0002347687,0.0003850136,0.9959461,0.00070291,0.00003735323,0.00006508976],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007109049,0.00009493306,0.00001553906,0.0002573619,0.00006237694,9.053781e-7,0.000163065,0.00006148224,0.9913821,0.0005072645,0.00006066984,0.000285235],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967842,0.0001700112,0.0001604612,0.0002135289,0.0004234303,0.001883831,0.0001987863,0.00008367905,0.00008203402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972333,0.00005058259,0.001062926,0.00006569089,0.0001603741,0.001213736,0.00008500529,0.00004073516,0.00008769705],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005130875,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005050949759816219,"score_gpt":0.2495910544500331,"score_spread":0.2445401046902169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}